Maya Angelou’s seminal autobiography, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings,” and books on the Holocaust were included on the Navy’s list of 381 books that were removed from the U.S. Naval Academy’s Nimitz Library on the Annapolis, Md., campus this week because their subject matter was seen as being related to so-called diversity, equity and inclusion topics.

President Trump issued an executive order in January that banned D.E.I. materials in kindergarten through 12th grade education,…