TEL AVIV, Israel —Dramatic new video shows the moment Israeli hostages were rescued from an apartment in central Gaza, a high-risk raid that left a trail of devastation in its wake and raised new doubts about the United States’ push for a cease-fire.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken touted positive signs after the United Nations Security Council backed a proposal outlined by President Joe Biden for a truce between Israel and Hamas that would secure the release of hostages still held…