Tesla, SpaceX and X Corp. leader Elon Musk ramped up his online attacks on Brazilian Supreme Court justice Alexandre de Moraes on Thursday, amid an intensifying political and legal battle between the tech billionaire and his companies, and Brazil’s highest court.

De Moraes’ court announced Wednesday that it was ordering Musk and X Corp. to appoint a legal representative for the social media company, formerly known as Twitter, in Brazil within 24 hours, or X would face “penalty of…